Domestication
Domestic pigs did not arise from a single origin. Archaeological, ancient DNA, and population genomic studies support at least two major domestication centers in eastern and western Eurasia, followed by repeated dispersal, local admixture, and continued interaction with wild boar populations. Pig domestication was therefore not a simple one-time event, but a dynamic evolutionary process shaped jointly by natural selection, human-mediated selection, and gene flow. Together, these forces generated the remarkable phenotypic diversity observed in present-day pig populations, including variation in morphology, behavior, reproduction, and metabolism. Below, we present a curated list of genomic regions and functional annotations associated with pig domestication.